This master report summarising and forecasting every sector of the EV industry remains unique. It adds new sectors as they become substantial, the latest being car-like micro EVs homologated as quadricycles in Europe. There are currently 45 sectors analysed.
In the last year it has become a more closely integrated market - pure electric and hybrid whether on land, water or airborne. For example, Nissan has launched hybrid cars selling in tens of thousands yearly.
Many profitable niches are emerging just as the largest major sectors are changing in importance; the industrial and commercial sector is now bigger and much more profitable than e-cars, and is set to remain so for at least eight more years.
All components are changing with supercapacitors sometimes replacing or partly replacing batteries and also new types of battery, energy harvesting, power electronics and structure powering growth in this already huge and prosperous business. It is comprehensively forecasted only in this master report and the subsidiary reports on the segments. Disruptive change is now the norm and Apple-like inspiration and technological innovation is at last being seen.
The fruits of all this are truly spectacular; including such things as the Marian fast surface boat that acts as a submarine when necessary, the fixed-wing plane that will stay aloft for five years on sunshine and the flying jet ski. An amphibious hybrid plane is also going into production with military robot jellyfish, bats and swarming flies. The race is on to make extremely short take-off and landing (ESTL) personal planes and air taxis, some that take-off and land vertically in your garden or from the "pocket airport" on top of a regular airport building.
This report is uniquely comprehensive in applicational and geographical spread. Primarily it presents statistics and forecasts including back up data such as conventional vehicle sales and market drivers. There is even comparative data such as statistics and forecasts by other analysts and by regional trade associations. There is some coverage of technology trends and considerable tabulation of manufacturers and by type of vehicle made and which are world leaders in value sales and why. There is little anecdotal text and information already available on the web, the illustrations and tables being largely original and deriving from IDTechEx analysis and private sources as well as extensive interviews.
1.1. Forecast assumptions and market drivers by category of hybrid and pure electric EV 2016-2026
1.2. Numbers of electric vehicles, in thousands, sold globally, 2016-2026, by applicational sector
1.3. Ex-factory unit price of EVs, in thousands of US dollars, sold globally, 2016-2026, by applicational sector, rounded
1.4. Ex-factory value of EVs, in billions of US dollars, sold globally, 2016-2026, by applicational sector, rounded
1.5. EV profitability by sector
1.6. Top 13 manufacturers of electric vehicles in 2014 showing rounded gross sales value of EVs ex factory by segment, % market share and trend of position. For 2013, first division in red, second division in blue and third division in
1.7. Approximate number of manufacturers of electric vehicles worldwide in 2014 by application with numbers for China
1.8. Main market drivers
1.9. The value of the electric vehicle market by territory East Asia, Europe, North America, Other 2016 and 2026 percentage
1.10. Sales of new energy cars in China by model
1.11. Market share of plug in electric vehicles as a percentage of total vehicle sales
2.1. 143 manufacturers and putative manufacturers of lithium-based rechargeable batteries with country, cathode and anode chemistry, electrolyte morphology, case type, applicational priorities and customer relationships, if any, in sel
2.2. Energy, number of riders and energy per 100 kilometers per person for different on-road travel options
2.3. Global automotive production by country 2013
3.1. 27 examples of manufacturers of heavy industrial EVs by country
3.2. Percentage split of global manufacture of heavy industrial trucks
3.3. Conventional car with 48 V electric torque assist as a new powertrain option shown yellow in powertrain options
4.1. 150 manufacturers of light industrial and commercial EVs and drive trains by country and examples of their products
5.1. Statistics relevant to the challenge to society caused by ageing population
5.2. Features of mobility vehicles that may hold up the price by offering more in future
5.3. The percentage distribution of manufacture between Taiwan and Mainland China by value of vehicles for the disabled 2005, 2010 and 2015
5.4. 83 examples of manufacturers of EVs for the disabled by country
6.1. Prices and performance of electric two wheelers
6.2. 105 examples of manufacturers of electric motorcycles, two wheel EVs and electric quad bikes
6.3. Largest suppliers of electric bicycles by number (not in order)
6.4. 34 sources of two wheelers in China by brand, region and battery chemistry
6.5. Listing of light electric scooter makers in China. Most use lead-acid battery chemistry but there is a move to lithium-ion batteries
7.1. 85 examples of car and microEV manufacturers beyond golf car, by country
7.2. 19 examples of golf EV manufacturers
8.1. Examples of traditional limitations and market trends by type of basic design of traction motor Those used mainly on large vehicles but are also seen in cars shown in green. Those on smaller vehicles and high performance vehicles
9.1. Data for RQ-11A version of AeroVironment Raven
9.2. 27 suppliers of military EVs
10.1. 44 examples of manufacturers of EV electric water craft
10.2. Leading manufacturers of remotely operated and autonomous underwater vehicles for sale
10.3. Indicative prices for marine EVs in 2013
11.1. 36 examples of manufacturers of mobile robots, toy, leisure, research or hobbyist EVs by country and product
1.1. Numbers of electric vehicles, in thousands, sold globally, 2016-2026, by applicational sector
1.2. Ex-factory unit price of EVs, in thousands of US dollars, sold globally, 2016-2026, by applicational sector, rounded
1.3. Ex-factory value of EVs, in billions of US dollars, sold globally, 2016-2026, by applicational sector, rounded
1.4. Ex-factory value of EVs, in 2016, percentage by applicational sector
1.5. Ex-factory value of EVs, in 2026, percentage by applicational sector
1.6. Basic schematic of pure EV power train
1.7. Size of vehicle, broadly indicated by price and battery kWh, related to when up-front cost becomes competitive with a conventional version
1.8. SMEs have more opportunity
1.9. The various types of car, the precise definitions, regulations and user preferences varying greatly between countries
1.10. kWh per passenger for conventional or electric on-road vehicles related to type of vehicle and showing cars to be uniquely inefficient
1.11. The Daimler Smart, left, is a mainstream car subject to tax, insurance, crash tests etc whereas the G-Whiz from India, right, is registered as a quadricycle and was the best-selling pure electric car in the UK for ten years with s
1.12. Renault Twizy quadricycle which is now selling only at a modest rate. The standard model has no windows
1.13. Chinese micro-EV cars in China. Most of them have three wheels
1.14. Terra Motors R6
1.15. European homologation below cars
1.16. Hybrid and pure electric vehicle sales to 2025
1.17. Number of pure electric vehicles globally by country
1.18. Yearly sales of pure electric vehicles globally by country, personal and utility
1.19. Yearly US sales of plug-in vehicles
1.20. Utility vs car EV sales in France.
1.21. Monthly new PHEV and AEV sales by model to August 2014
1.22. Yearly new HEV sales by model to August 2014
1.23. Electric Drive Vehicle Share of new vehicle sales to August 2014
1.24. Monthly new EDV sales and gasoline prices to December 2014
1.25. Apple-like innovation for the disabled - Omnichair
1.26. Mining vehicles for open mines (over 90% of all mines) will no longer have 2-3 MW diesel mega-trucks climbing the sides but electric mega-trucks at top and bottom, according to Deloitte Touche.
1.27. New vehicles with asynchronous traction motors
1.28. Electric cars are mainly series parallel hybrid today with two motors but otherwise very different, this Mitsubishi being very different in all other respects from market leader the Toyota Prius
1.29. Work on using pure electric and plug in hybrid small vehicles as farming power supplies
1.30. GaN inverter and components for EVs exhibited in Osaka Japan by GaN Systems of Canada September2014
1.31. BMW i8 hybrid car with three-cylinder range extender and gull wing doors launched 2013, deliveries 2015
1.32. The dream of photovoltaics in fields and Building Integrated Photovoltaics BIPV powering EVs
1.33. Protean in-wheel
1.34. Lightweighting approaches
1.35. Future mobility vision
1.36. Mahle range extended car
1.37. Toyota Mirai and BMW fuel cell cars
1.38. Intelligent Energy fuel cell in a van
1.39. Bladon Jets gas turbine range extender
1.40. Wankel range extender
2.1. Electric vehicle value chain
2.2. Energy per 100 kilometers per person for different on-road travel options
2.3. Carbon Intensity CO2 kg/kWh and % Fossil fuel in power sector
2.4. LCA greenhouse emissions of a compact car with different drive trains
2.5. Carbon emissions, in grams CO2 per km, of a selection of cars for sale in the UK
3.1. Caterpillar CAT series hybrid diesel electric bulldozer
3.2. Mitsubishi diesel electric hybrid lifter
3.3. Top 20 industrial lift truck suppliers in 2013
3.4. Lift truck market demand in 2013
3.5. World industrial truck statistics/orders and shipments
3.6. Survey of expected powertrains
4.1. Increase in urban delivery 2010-2025
4.2. Electric bus in Nepal
4.3. Mobile electric scissor lift by Wuhan Chancay Machinery and Electronics
4.4. Garbage collecting electric car
5.1. Percentage of dependent elderly 1970 to 2040
5.2. New Pihsiang Shoprider pure electric mobility vehicle for the disabled
5.3. The Electric Car (INEC-KARO) for the disabled from Interchina Industry Group
6.1. Gasoline two wheelers G2W and electric two wheelers E2W sales compared to passenger vehicles 1991-2006 in China
6.2. Suzuki Burgman Fuel Cell Scooter powered by Intelligent Energy
6.3. e-bikes parked in Yangzhou China
6.4. Electric mopeds parked in Cheghdu China
6.5. World bicycle and automoblie production, 1950-2007
7.1. IMAs "Colibri" Micro EV presented at the Geneva Motorshow
7.2. The Daimler Smart, left, is a mainstream car subject to tax, insurance, crash tests etc whereas the G-Whiz from India, right, is registered as a quadricycle and was the best-selling pure electric car in the UK for ten years with s
7.3. Chinese micro-EV cars in China. Most of them have three wheels
7.4. Estrima Birò microEV and battery removal
7.5. E-trikes
8.1. Technology: everything will change disruptively
8.2. Load-bearing supercapacitors as structural components. Top left: Volvo experimental car trunk lid that is a supercapacitor. Top right: Partner Imperial College London's supercapacitor textile being developed for load bearing compo
8.3. Example of integrated components coming in
8.4. Examples of 2015 hybrid cars
8.5. GaN Systems capability late 2014
8.6. Mazda pure electric car in production with supercapacitor across battery (vertical device by nearside front wheel)
8.7. Toyota supercapacitor-only concept car and precedents
8.8. Nova Electric Vehicles
8.9. Toyota Mirai
9.1. Oshkosh truck
9.2. Grizzly robot electric vehicle for the military
9.3. SPI electrical SUAV
9.4. AeroVironment Raven
9.5. AeroVironment Aqua Puma UAV completes Royal Australian Navy Sea trials in 2007
9.6. Aurora Flight Sciences solar plane that takes off in parts and self-assembles at altitude
9.7. Large autonomous robot jellyfish
10.1. Hybrid tugboat
10.2. Engine room of the hybrid tugboat
10.3. Bratt electric tugboat
10.4. Electric deck boat by Leisure Life
10.5. Electric launch
10.6. Solar powered boats for tourism cruising at 12 kph on Lake Geneva
10.7. Loon
10.8. MARS
10.9. Milper and the REP-SAIL project.
10.10. Rensea MARINA
10.11. Seaswarm
10.12. SoelCat
10.13. Alster Sun Hamburg Solar Shuttle
10.14. Constance Solar Shuttle
10.15. Turanor fact sheet
10.16. Turanor construction process
10.17. Vaka Moana
10.18. Falmouth Scientific solar sea glider AUV
10.19. Wave and sun powered sea glider
10.20. Autonomous wave glider
10.21. PACX Wave Glider
10.22. Large autonomous robot jellyfish
11.1. Dirisolar
11.2. AtlantikSolar2
11.3. ISIS concept
11.4. Lockheed HALE-D
11.5. Helios
11.6. Solar surveillance airship ordered by the US military
11.7. Nepheleos
11.8. Sunstar
11.9. Solar Impulse compared to jumbo jet
11.10. Ghost pictures of Solar Impulse 2
11.11. Round the world route
11.12. Flight to Hawaii
11.13. Solar Ship
11.14. Operating principle
11.15. Turtle airship concept
11.16. The Dyson robot vacuum cleaner
11.17. LawnBott