Passenger Car Intelligent Chassis Controller and Chassis Domain Controller Research Report, 2024

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Chassis controller research: More advanced chassis functions are available in cars, dozens of financing cases occur in one year, and chassis intelligence has a bright future.

The report combs through the development and application of passenger car chassis controllers and chassis domain controllers, and interprets the status quo of the industry from three perspectives: suppliers, OEMs, and capital.

1. From the perspective of the capital market, intelligent chassis has an eye-catching ability to attract capital.

According to incomplete statistics from ResearchInChina, dozens of financing cases have been completed in the field of intelligent chassis in 2024, with the financing amount exceeding RMB3 billion.

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For example, Trugo Tech closed a Series B funding round in January 2024, only 6 months away from its A++ funding round, thanks to the capital market's sustained attention to intelligent chassis and Trugo Tech's own technical strength.

It is known that Trugo Tech has supplied over 80,000 ESC products monthly. Based on the mature development experience of ESC, Trugo Tech has deployed EHB and EMB products.
EHB. The product adopts the One-Box technology route and can be matched with <3.2t vehicle models. It integrates more than 30 intelligent functions such as power assist control, coordinated braking energy recovery, wheel anti-lock control and body stability control, and supports multi-sensor fusion. It features pressure build-up in less than 150ms, and the maximum pressure build-up greater than 180bar, and can recover over 90% of energy.
EMB. Starting from actuators and core algorithms, Trugo Tech has started pre-research on dry EMB products and related solutions, providing full dry EMB POC projects for the models to be released by domestic leading emerging OEMs. The EMB products are expected to land on vehicles for testing in 2024, and come into small volume production in 2026.

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2. From the perspective of OEMs, some have expanded multiple chassis functions.

NIO 4D Comfort Pilot + Adaptive Suspension Predictive Control Solution

As the first OEM in the industry to install chassis domain controllers on cars, NIO released the Banyan 2.4.0 via OTA in January 2024, adding 4D Comfort Pilot (the horizontal, vertical and longitudinal axes of the body and the time dimension). NIO claims that it is "the industry's first intelligent chassis system powered by AI technology". Enabling the functions is inseparable from NIO's intelligent chassis hardware system composed of intelligent chassis controller (ICC), air spring and continuous damping control system (CDC).

4D Comfort Pilot means that the vehicle generates road surface features in advance according to the intelligent driving hardware on the body, and then through real-time or offline big data processing, the features are finally fed back to the chassis domain to adjust the suspension height and damping control strategy in real time to improve driving comfort. The navigation layer of 4D Comfort Pilot can be generated as long as four NIO cars (equipped with air springs + CDC) pass by on a road section. Subsequent NIO cars passing through this road section can confirm the bumpy layer and achieve real-time updates.

Geely's AI digital chassis supports such functions as crab walk mode, tank turn and super magic carpet.

In April 2024, Geely released an AI digital chassis based on the GEA. The self-developed chassis integrates domain controllers and is equipped with steer-by-wire, brake-by-wire, active suspension and four-wheel motor system, supporting three-way (XYZ), six-degree-of-freedom intelligent decision. Supported by the above hardware and Geely's AI algorithm control system, the AI ??digital chassis can enable the following intelligent chassis functions:
Crab walk mode (front and rear wheels roll in the same direction)
Tank turn
Super magic carpet (active suspension adjustment)
"Zero" impact when passing over bumps (real-time perception of road information; tire height adjusted by the suspension actively)
Automatic adjustment for wading (the front suspension is automatically lifted before wading, and the suspension height is adjusted in real time during wading)
Side active defense (when there is a risk of a side collision, one side of the body will quickly rise to reduce the damage caused by the collision)

Geely's AI digital chassis makes a reaction in just 4 milliseconds (25 times faster than the human extreme reaction), enabling "automatic vehicle control for risk avoidance" in extreme conditions. It is known that Geely's AI digital chassis will be mass-produced and installed in Geely Galaxy, Lynk & Co and other products by 2025 at the latest.

3. From the prospective of suppliers, some OEMs in China have made significant progress in chassis domain controllers in 2024.

In research and development of cooperative intelligent chassis controllers, foreign players benefit from their technical expertise and first-mover advantages in traditional automobiles. Some foreign suppliers already have some mature products, such as Bosch's integrated vehicle dynamic control system and ZF's cubiX chassis integrated controller. Chinese parts suppliers have started R&D of cooperative intelligent chassis controllers since 2000, and quickened their pace in recent years, gradually narrowing the gap with international giants.

Currently, there are three main types of players in China that are developing chassis domain controllers:
First, companies that focus on chassis domain controllers, such as MXD. They can provide full-stack services from hardware platforms to application layer, but they have a short history and limited development capital reserve.

Second, Chinese chassis suppliers that deploy one or more components for brake-by-wire, steer-by-wire or suspension-by-wire. They have mature chassis development experience and have initially achieved mass production of actuators. Representatives including Global Technology, Tongyu Automobile and Trinova often have profound technical expertise in a single actuator, but still face obstacles in horizontal expansion for domain control solutions.

Third, traditional automotive electronics companies represented by Jingwei Hirain. They often have mature development experience in domain controllers. For example, Jingwei Hirain has deployed products in the body domain, driving domain, and chassis domain, and participated in the R&D and supply of chassis domain controllers for NIO, with certain mass production experience.

MXD
In April 2024, MXD debuted at the Auto China with VCC 1.0, its first-generation Lingkong Series chassis domain controller which integrates CDC, ECAS, EPB and onboard IMU and realizes the function of dual-control EPB through the EPB module. It is known that VCC 1.0 has been designated by JAC.

In July 2024, MXD announced that it would integrate its self-developed rear wheel steering control on the first-generation chassis domain controller, providing the market with VCC 1.5, a new chassis controller with software and hardware decoupled.

Tongyu Automotive
In July 2024, Mr. Shu Qiang, founder, chairman and general manager, said that Tongyu Automotive had released its first-generation chassis domain controller which can enable integrate control of braking, steering, suspension, parking, driving and other systems, and decouple the high-level functional algorithms related to vehicle dynamic performance in the original components (VDC, TCS, etc.) from the braking system and place them in the chassis domain controller instead. In addition, the solution supports dual MCU redundancy and integrates a combined positioning module. The two MCUs and CAN form vehicle architecture ring network redundancy. In terms of hardware redundancy, key power supplies, sensors, actuators, and communications are redundant.

As early as March 2024, Tongyu Automotive formed a partnership with C*Core Technology. They will create a localized automotive electronic chassis-by-wire controller solution.

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Jingwei Hirain
In June 2022, NIO announced China's first full-stack self-developed suspension control system equipped with a full-stack self-developed intelligent chassis controller (ICC). It was first available to the production vehicle ET7. Jingwei Hirain participated in the R&D and production of this domain controller.

In February 2024, Jingwei Hirain started mass production of its full-stack self-developed chassis domain controller. So far, it has mass-produced controllers, underlying software, air springs, suspension algorithm modules, and realized functions such as welcoming and seeing off, active prediction, and magic carpet suspension. Jingwei Hirain’s full-stack self-developed chassis domain controller has the following features:

It integrates damping control, air spring height control and other functions, and simplifies the chassis control system
It can also integrate rear wheel steering, electronic stabilizer bars, steering column position control, engine mounting, etc.
In the combination with intelligent actuators, the chassis domain controller with enough computing power reserved can integrate longitudinal, lateral and vertical control functions of vehicles, such as steering, braking and suspension to perform high-level cooperative chassis control and vehicle motion trajectory control.

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1 Overview of Chassis Controller and Chassis Domain Controller Industry
1.1 Development History of Automotive Domain Controllers
1.2 Chassis Domain Controllers
1.3 Features of Chassis Domain Controllers
1.4 Classification of Chassis Domain Controllers (1)
1.5 Classification of Chassis Domain Controllers (2)
1.6 Development Challenges for Chassis Domain Controllers
1.7 Chassis Domain Control Software and Hardware Development Strategy
1.8 Key Features of Chips for Chassis Domain Controllers
1.9 Parameters of Chips for Chassis Domain Controllers
1.10 Barriers to Chassis Domain Controller Chip Industry
1.11 Cooperative Control Algorithms of Chassis Domain Controllers
1.12 Feasible Chassis Domain Controller Solutions (1)
1.13 Feasible Chassis Domain Controller Solutions (2)
1.14 Intelligent Chassis Domain Control Technology Roadmap
1.15 Chassis Domain Controller Policies and Regulations
1.16 Classification of Main Chassis Domain Controller Players
1.17 Requirements for Chassis Domain Controller Players
1.18 Chassis Domain Controller Industry Chain
1.19 Comparison between Domain Controllers and Zonal Controllers

2 Solutions of Chassis Controller and Chassis Domain Controller Suppliers

2.1 Bosch
2.1.1 The First Generation of Cooperative Chassis Controllers (1)
2.1.2 The First Generation of Cooperative Chassis Controllers (2)
2.1.3 The Second Generation of Cooperative Chassis Controllers
2.1.4 The Third Generation of Cooperative Chassis Controllers

2.2 ZF
2.2.1 Vehicle Motion Control Solutions (1)
2.2.2 Vehicle Motion Control Solutions (2)
2.2.3 Vehicle Motion Control Solutions (3)
2.2.4 Vehicle Motion Control Solutions (4)
2.2.5 Detailed Explanation of Vehicle Chassis Integrated Control Functions
2.2.6 Functional Configuration of Vehicle Chassis Integrated Control Solutions
2.2.7 Vehicle Chassis Integrated Control Software Solutions

2.3 Continental
2.3.1 Chassis Domain Control Solutions
2.3.2 Zonal Controller Solutions (1)
2.3.3 Zonal Controller Solutions (2)

2.4 Aptiv
2.4.1 Evolution of Vehicle Architectures
2.4.2 Intelligent Vehicle Architectures (1)
2.4.3 Intelligent Vehicle Architectures (2)

2.5 Tata Elxsi
2.5.1 Domain Controller Solutions

2.6 Schaeffler
2.6.1 Chassis Three-way Fusion Solutions (1)
2.6.2 Chassis Three-way Fusion Solutions (2)
2.6.3 Intelligent Power Chassis Domain Control Software Architecture

2.7 STMicroelectronics
2.7.1 Chassis Domain Controller Solutions
2.7.2 Chassis Solutions: Active Suspension
2.7.3 Solutions for One-Box Brake-by-Wire
2.7.4 Chassis Solutions: EBB
2.7.5 Chassis Solutions: EPS
2.7.6 Chassis Solutions: ESP
2.7.7 Chassis Solutions: EPB
2.7.8 Chassis Solutions: ABS

2.8 Renesas
2.8.1 Chassis Controller Solutions (1)
2.8.2 Chassis Controller Solutions  (2)
2.8.3 Features of Chassis Controller Solutions
2.8.4 Application Cases of Chassis Controller Solutions
2.8.5 Domain Controller Solutions
2.8.6 “Central Computing + Zonal Controllers” Solutions
2.8.7 Steering Controller Solutions
2.8.8 Next-generation Chassis Solutions

2.9 NXP
2.9.1 Chassis Domain Controller Solutions
2.9.2 Chassis Solutions: Active Suspension
2.9.3 Chassis Solutions: ESC & ABS
2.9.4 Chassis Solutions: EPS
2.9.5 Chassis Solutions

2.10 Infineon
2.10.1 Chassis Domain Controller Solutions
2.10.2 Key Technologies of Chassis Domain Controller Solutions (1)
2.10.3 Key Technologies of Chassis Domain Controller Solutions (2)
2.10.4 Key Technologies of Chassis Domain Controller Solutions (3)
2.10.5 Key Technologies of Chassis Domain Controller Solutions (4)
2.10.6 Key Technologies of Chassis Domain Controller Solutions (5)
2.10.7 Adaptation Cases of Chassis Domain Controller Solutions
2.10.8 MCU Resources of Zonal Controllers
2.10.9 Chassis Controller Solutions
2.10.10 Chassis Steering Controller Solutions

2.11 Trugo Tech
2.11.1 Profile
2.11.2 Capacity Layout
2.11.3 Classification of EHB System Technologies: ESC is the core
2.11.4 ESC Is the Key to One-Box R&D
2.11.5 Trugo Tech Has Supplied over 80,000 ESC Products Monthly
2.11.6 Features of ESC
2.11.7 EHB (One-Box)
2.11.8 EMB
2.11.9 VMC Software
2.11.10 Algorithm Development Features

2.12 KEBODA
2.12.1 Chassis Controller Layout
2.12.2 Chassis Controller Solutions
2.12.3 Chassis Controller Cooperation Cases

2.13 Suzhou Gates Electronics
2.13.1 Chassis Controller Layout
2.13.2 Summary of Intelligent Chassis and Suspension Integrated Domain System Solutions
2.13.3 Intelligent Chassis Suspension Integrated Domain System Technology Roadmap
2.13.4 Intelligent Chassis Suspension Integrated Domain System Solution A: Fourth Generation (1)
2.13.5 Intelligent Chassis Suspension Integrated Domain System Solution A: Fourth Generation (2)
2.13.6 Intelligent Chassis Suspension Integrated Domain System Solution A: Fourth Generation (3)
2.13.7 Intelligent Chassis Suspension Integrated Domain System Solution A: Fourth Generation (4)
2.13.8 Intelligent Chassis Suspension Integrated Domain System Solution B: Third Generation (1)
2.13.9 Intelligent Chassis Suspension Integrated Domain System Solution B: Third Generation (2)
2.13.10 Intelligent Chassis Suspension Integrated Domain System Solution B: Third Generation (3)
2.13.11 Intelligent Chassis Suspension Integrated Domain System Solution C: Second Generation
2.13.12 Intelligent Chassis Suspension Integrated Domain System Solution D: First Generation

2.14 Global Technology
2.14.1 Profile and Financing
2.14.2 Intelligent Chassis Technology Route
2.14.3 Chassis Domain Control System Technology Roadmap
2.14.4 Chassis Domain Control System Solutions (1)
2.14.5 Chassis Domain Control System Solutions (2)
2.14.6 Chassis Domain Control System Solutions (3)
2.14.7 Chassis Domain Control System Solutions (4)
2.14.8 Breakthrough in Chassis Domain Control System Technology
2.14.9 Functions of Chassis Domain Control System
2.14.10 Advantages of Chassis Domain Control System
2.14.11 Future Intelligent Chassis Domain Controller Layout

2.15 NASN
2.15.1 Profile and Financing
2.15.2 Chassis Domain Controller Solutions
2.15.3 Chassis Domain Controller Planning

2.16 Vagon HD
2.16.1 Control System Layout
2.16.2 Five Requirements for Intelligent Chassis Control Systems
2.16.3 Multi-domain-controller Platform Solutions (1)
2.16.4 Multi-domain-controller Platform Solutions (2)
2.16.5 Multi-domain Controller Platform Can  Control Chassis
2.16.6 Chassis Domain Controller Solutions (1)
2.16.7 Chassis Domain Controller Solutions (2)

2.17 Trinova
2.17.1 Profile and Financing
2.17.2 Chassis Layout
2.17.3 Chassis Domain Controller Solutions (1)
2.17.4 Chassis Domain Controller Solutions (2): Hardware Architecture
2.17.5 Chassis Domain Controller Solutions (3): Software Architecture
2.17.6 Key Technologies for Chassis Domain Controllers (1)
2.17.7 Key Technologies for Chassis Domain Controllers (2)
2.17.8 Key Technologies for Chassis Domain Controllers (3)
2.17.9 Chassis Domain Controller Technology Layout (1)
2.17.10 Chassis Domain Controller Technology Layout (2)
2.17.11 Chassis Domain Controller Technology Layout (3)
2.17.12 Chassis Domain Controller Technology Layout (4)
2.17.13 Chassis Domain Controller Cooperation Modes
2.17.14 Future Chassis Domain Controller Planning

2.18 Gersh Smart
2.18.1 Chassis Domain Controller Solution A (1)
2.18.2 Chassis Domain Controller Solution A (2)
2.18.3 Chassis Domain Controller Solution A (3)
2.18.4 Chassis Domain Controller Solution B (1)
2.18.5 Chassis Domain Controller Solution B (2)
2.18.6 Chassis Domain Controller Solution C (1)
2.18.7 Chassis Domain Controller Solution C (2)

2.19 Jingwei Hirain
2.19.1 Chassis Controller Development Process
2.19.2 Chassis Domain Controller R&D Process
2.19.3 Chassis Layout
2.19.4 Chassis Domain Controller Solutions (1)
2.19.5 Chassis Domain Controller Solutions (2)
2.19.6 Chassis Domain Controller Solutions (3)
2.19.7 Chassis Domain Controller Solutions (4)
2.19.8 Chassis Domain Controller Solutions (5)
2.19.9 Chassis Domain Controller Solutions (6)
2.19.10 Chassis Domain Controller Solutions (7)
2.19.11 Chassis Domain Controller Solutions (8)
2.19.12 Chassis Domain Controller Solutions (9)
2.19.13 Core Technology and R&D Progress of Chassis Controllers
2.19.14 Chassis Controller R&D Projects

2.20 Bebest
2.20.1 Panorama of Technical Solutions
2.20.2 Development History of Chassis Products
2.20.3 Intelligent Chassis Solutions
2.20.4 Transformation of Core Intelligent Chassis Technology
2.20.5 Chassis Domain Controller Layout
2.20.6 Chassis Domain Controller Solutions
2.20.7 Brake-by-Wire Controller Solutions
2.20.8 Intelligent Chassis Cooperation Case 1 and Financing Process
2.20.9 Intelligent Chassis Cooperation Case 2

2.21 MXD
2.21.1 Chassis Domain Controller Solution A (1)
2.21.2 Chassis Domain Controller Solution A (2)
2.21.3 Chassis Domain Controller Solution A (3)
2.21.4 Chassis Domain Controller Solution A (4)
2.21.5 Chassis Domain Controller Solution B
2.21.6 Chassis Domain Controller Solution C
2.21.7 Other Chassis Controller Solutions
2.21.8 Chassis Domain Controller Cooperation

2.22 C*Core Technology
2.22.1 Chip Layout
2.22.2 Chip Development Technology Roadmap
2.22.3 Chassis-by-Wire Chip Layout
2.22.4 Chassis-by-Wire Chip Solutions
2.22.5 Chassis-by-Wire Controller Solutions (1)
2.22.6 Chassis-by-Wire Controller Solutions (2)
2.22.7 Chassis-by-Wire Chip R&D Projects
2.22.8 Cooperation with Chassis System Companies

2.23 LeeKr Technology
2.23.1 Profile and Financing
2.23.2 Intelligent Chassis Development Route
2.23.3 Intelligent Chassis Control System Solutions
2.23.4 Intelligent Chassis Domain Controller Solutions
2.23.5 Intelligent Chassis Control System Capacity Planning

2.24 Tongyu Automobile
2.24.1 Profile and Financing
2.24.2 Chassis-by-Wire Product Layout
2.24.3 Development History of Chassis-by-Wire Products
2.24.4 Chassis Domain Controller Solutions (1)
2.24.5 Chassis Domain Controller Solutions (2)
2.24.6 Chassis Domain Controller Solutions (3)

2.25 Baolong Automotive
2.25.1 R&D Process of Intelligent Chassis Control System
2.25.2 Intelligent Chassis Control System Solutions

2.26 Others
2.26.1 Chassis Domain Controller Solutions and Financing Process of Suzhou Orient-motion Technology
2.26.2 Chassis Domain Controller Solutions of Hengchuang Smart
2.26.3 Chassis Domain Controller Solutions of Jinmei Automobile
2.26.4 Chassis Domain Controller Architecture of CAIC

3 OEMs’ Application of Chassis Controller and Chassis Domain Controller

3.1 NIO
3.1.1 Chassis Domain Controller Solution A (1)
3.1.2 Chassis Domain Controller Solution A (2)
3.1.3 Chassis Domain Controller Solution A (3)
3.1.4 Chassis Domain Controller Solution B
3.1.5 Chassis Domain and Intelligent Driving Domain Integration Solutions
3.1.6 Models with Chassis Domain Controllers

3.2 Li Auto
3.2.1 Intelligent Chassis Control System Solutions (1)
3.2.2 Intelligent Chassis Control System Solutions (2)
3.2.3 Intelligent Chassis Control System Application Cases (1)
3.2.4 Intelligent Chassis Control System Application Cases (2)

3.3 Great Wall Motor
3.3.1 Electronic and Electrical Architecture Technology Route
3.3.2 Smart Chassis-by-Wire Integrated with Chassis Domain Controllers

3.4 Geely
3.4.1 Digital Chassis Integrated with Chassis Domain Controllers
3.4.2 Chassis Domain Controller Solutions (1)
3.4.3 Chassis Domain Controller Solutions (2)
3.4.4 Chassis Domain Controller Solutions (3)
3.4.5 Chassis Domain Controller Solutions (4)
3.4.6 Chassis Domain Controller Solutions (5)

3.5 Huawei
3.5.1 The First-generation Cooperative Chassis Control System (1)
3.5.2 The First-generation Cooperative Chassis Control System (2)
3.5.3 The Second-generation Cooperative Chassis Control System

3.6 Audi
3.6.1 Chassis Control Technology (1)
3.6.2 Chassis Control Technology (2)
3.6.3 Chassis Control Technology (3)

3.7 Chery
3.7.1 Chassis Domain Controllers
3.7.2 Development Stage of Chassis Domain Controllers

3.8 Others
3.8.1 IM‘s Cooperative Chassis Controllers
3.8.2 BYD's Suspension Controllers
3.8.3 Xpeng’s Chassis Domain Controllers

4 Development Trends of Chassis Controller and Chassis Domain Controller Industry
4.1 Trend 1
4.2 Trend 2: Local Tier1 Suppliers Transfer from Single-domain Actuation Units to Multifunctional Integrated Domain Controllers
4.3 Trend 3
4.4 Trend 4
4.5 Trend 5
4.6 Trend 6

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