48V Low-voltage Power Distribution Network (PDN) Architecture and Supply Chain Panorama Research Report, 2025
For a long time, the 48V low-voltage PDN architecture has been dominated by 48V mild hybrids. The electrical topology of 48V mild hybrids is relatively outdated, and Chinese OEMs have not given it sufficient attention, making it difficult to become a major incremental market. In contrast, battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrids (PHEVs) can use high-voltage batteries to create a 48V low-voltage rail to power the entire E/E system.
Future BEV platforms have become the primary target for OEMs to deploy 48V automotive systems. Driven by Tesla Cybertruck, along with the increasing penetration of high-level autonomous driving and chassis-by-wire, the 48V low-voltage PDN architecture for battery electric vehicles will receive growing attention from OEMs, and the maturity of supply chain will rapidly improve accordingly.
48V supply chain and industry chain are rapidly improving maturity
From the supply chain perspective, the 48V architecture is currently limited by the insufficient maturity of component supply chains. The 48V low-voltage PDN (PDN) architecture is divided into 9 major categories and 20 subcategories, with a preliminary assessment of the development priority and technical maturity of each segmented product.
Automotive chassis system, the preferred direction of 48V layout
The automotive chassis system, including brake-by-wire, active suspension, and electric power steering (EPS), etc. are preferred directions for 48V deployment.
Taking EPS as an example, in recent years, the market share of DP-EPS (dual-pinion type) and R-EPS (rack-assisted type) has been rapidly increasing:
The accelerated penetration of new energy vehicles, along with increased vehicle weight, has raised higher demands for steering assistance.
The rapid adoption of high-level autonomous driving functions has necessitated redundant design and full-power steering in steering systems, driving more vehicle models to adopt DP-EPS or R-EPS systems.
The rise of domestic brands and the increase in mid-to-high-end models have raised expectations for steering performance and driving experience.
EPS products with an output force below 16kN have reached a mature stage of technology in China, but there are no mature EPS products with higher output forces available. Meanwhile, vehicles requiring higher output forces in the market generally rely on hydraulic power steering, which cannot achieve speed-sensitive steering. Compared to electric power steering, hydraulic systems suffer from inferior performance and challenging deployment constraints.
To address this, FAW Hongqi has developed a "redundant parallel-axis electric power steering system (R-EPS) with an output force exceeding 20kN," marking its domestic debut. This system supports L2/L3 autonomous driving functions such as super cruise, automated parking, and lane-keeping, achieving ASIL D functional safety. It has already undergone vehicle validation in one of Hongqi's R&D projects.
The R-EPS incorporates a 48V redundant EPS product developed by Jingwei HiRain, featuring a Type-I layout:
Compact product size, offering greater flexibility in spatial arrangement
Designed to meet 48V requirements, significantly reducing power consumption for improved energy efficiency while remaining backward-compatible with 24V applications
High output torque, with motor torque reaching 10Nm and power up to 1.5kW, meeting high thrust demands for enhanced driving comfort and handling
Redundant safety design, fulfilling the safety requirements of advanced autonomous driving and steer-by-wire systems
High safety level, achieving ASIL D system functional safety, developed in compliance with ISO 26262 processes, with a failure rate ≤10 FIT, enabling fail-operational safety requirements
Supports cybersecurity
Supports OTA updates
Since braking and steering require high-power motors, traditional 12V low-voltage system cannot meet the power demands. Xiaomi Auto has adopted a 48V architecture for scenarios such as brake-by-wire and steer-by-wire, including:
48V EMB: Xiaomi's intelligent chassis utilizes a 48V low-voltage system, upgrading from the SU7's 12V DPB+ESP10.0 electro-hydraulic braking to a 48V four-wheel fully dry electromechanical braking system.
48V steer-by-wire system: Xiaomi's steer-by-wire system employs a fully redundant design in the hand force simulator and tire actuator, with backup for critical components such as power supply, communication, sensors, main chips, and circuits. This meets ASIL-D functional safety requirements, providing the highest level of safety assurance.
The automotive power supply system is witnessing strong demand for power ICs such as medium-voltage MOSFETs above 80V and 100V GaN FETs
In automotive power supply systems, particularly with ongoing reconstruction of vehicle ECUs, the demand for power ICs is exceptionally high. For current automotive controller hardware design, the power supply system serves as a crucial component, providing electricity to sensors, microcontrollers, actuators, communication modules, and other elements.
48V can function as a vehicle's third voltage rail: even in new energy vehicles equipped with high-voltage systems, a 48V power rail may be introduced to operate medium-power loads (typically between 1kW to 10kW). This development will lead to the widespread adoption of high-voltage (400V/800V) to 48V DC-DC converters.
In 48V systems, the maximum voltage of a fully charged battery pack reaches 60V, rendering traditional low-voltage MOSFETs used in 12V systems obsolete. Consequently, multiple manufacturers have recently introduced medium-voltage MOSFETs rated above 80V specifically for automotive 48V applications.
In April 2024, Infineon launched its first product under the advanced OptiMOS? 7 80V technology—IAUCN08S7N013. This product is designed for automotive DC-DC converters and 48V motor control applications (such as EPS).
In June 2024, onsemi introduced its latest T10 PowerTrench series, also offering 80V medium-voltage MOSFETs for automotive 48V systems. The T10 technology employs a shielded gate trench structure, reducing ringing, overshoot, and noise through its industry-leading soft recovery body diode (Qrr, Trr), achieving a balance between performance and recovery characteristics.
Beyond silicon-based MOSFETs, the GaN industry is also eyeing automotive 48V systems. Several power GaN manufacturers, including EPC, TI, Infineon, and DanXi Technology, have launched 100V GaN FET products targeting 48V automotive applications. Thanks to their high frequency, high efficiency, and compact size, 100V GaN FETs are becoming a key technology for 48V system upgrades and intelligent applications. Major products include:
Innoscience INS2002: A 100V half-bridge driver set for release in 2025, featuring an integrated smart bootstrap switch and adjustable dead time, supporting bidirectional 48V/12V DC-DC conversion for high-frequency applications like motor drives and Class-D audio amplifiers.
Texas Instruments (TI) LMG2100R044 & LMG3100R017: 100V GaN chips with integrated drivers in QFN packaging, compatible with 3.3V-12V logic-level inputs. Suitable for data centers and automotive power systems, they reduce peripheral components while improving power density.
GaN Systems (under Infineon) GS61008T: A 100V/90A silicon-based GaN HEMT supporting top-side cooling, initially used in energy storage and industrial motor drives, with early versions still deployed in some automotive systems.
DanXi Technology DXC6010S1C: A 100V GaN chip (35A/12mΩ) with integrated driver, compatible with traditional silicon controllers. Designed for microinverters and motor drives, it simplifies power path design.
In 12V+48V hybrid electrical architectures, the 48V zonal controller serves as the core energy conversion and management node. UAES's zonal controller solution adopts a 48V/12V compatible design. For the 48V portion, an additional DC/DC stage handles 48V-to-12V power conversion and reverse polarity protection. Short-term implementations may rely on added DC/DC converter chips, but in the long run, adopting 48V PMIC chip technology could eliminate this stage, reducing costs.
Tesla follows a similar approach, using zonal controllers as 48V hubs to distribute power to other vehicle controllers. In its Gen4 zonal controllers, Tesla integrates DC/DC conversion supporting 48V/12V transformation and employs 48V E-fuses for power distribution management.
The standardization of 48V is a critical step toward mass production of 48V systems
Standardization is key to the testing, validation, and production line upgrades for 48V vehicles and components. Currently, voltage requirements and testing for electrical and electronic equipment in road vehicles are primarily based on 12V-24V systems. The first standard for 48V was LV148, which was later replaced by Germany’s VDA320. The current standard is ISO 21780:2020. Other relevant standards for electric vehicle safety and testing include ISO 6469 and ISO 21498. In the future, as 48V low-voltage power supply network architectures develop, it is expected that ISO/SAE/GB/LV will introduce more requirements and testing standards for 48V electrical and electronic equipment.
China has recently released the recommended national standard GB/T 45120-2024, "Road vehicles—Supply voltage of 48 V—Electrical requirements and tests." This standard is modified from ISO 21780:2020, which was developed based on the electrical requirements for components in 48V mild hybrid vehicles with a DC 48V power supply. Other DC 48V power supply components may also refer to this standard.
In summary, the standardization and supply chain maturity of 48V systems have significantly accelerated. However, new vehicles still require a 2-3 years cycle for system validation, development, testing, and certification. It is estimated that the inflection point for 48V architecture adoption will occur around 2028.
The industry driver for 48V architecture lies in OEMs' high-performance and differentiated vehicle pre-research planning. The 48V architecture will first be deployed in high-end battery electric vehicles equipped with 800-1000V high-voltage platforms, high-performance powertrains, and advanced autonomous driving features. The industry's momentum primarily depends on the mass production timelines of leading OEMs, such as:
Tesla is prioritizing 48V system trials in premium models like the Cybertruck to gather data and cultivate the supply chain. The upgraded Model S/X is planned to adopt the 48V architecture first in 2025, followed by a gradual rollout across the entire lineup (Model Y will not introduce 48V in 2025). Tesla will use OTA updates to enhance low-voltage system functions in existing vehicles, buying time for hardware iterations.
NIO ET9, based on the NT 3.0 platform, has proactively implemented a redundant 12V and 48V architecture, with the 48V system specifically supporting high-power loads such as the FAS fully active suspension.
Xiaomi Auto is introducing the 48V architecture in applications like brake-by-wire and steer-by-wire systems.
Tesla, NIO, and Xiaomi may gradually adopt the 48V low-voltage PDN architecture between 2025 and 2026. However, due to gaps in the supply chain, they still face a lengthy adoption cycle. Other OEMs’ 48V low-voltage PDN platforms remain in the planning stage, with market entry expected to take at least 2-3 years. As new architecture models hit the market, ResearchInChina predicts that by 2030, the adoption of 48V architecture in BEVs will surpass the one-million-unit milestone.
1 Definition and Standardization of 48V Low-voltage Power Distribution Network (PDN)
1.1 Development History and Classification of 48V Low-voltage PDN
Development History of Automotive Low-voltage PDN Architecture
Classification of 48V Low-voltage PDN Applications
48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture VS 12V Low-voltage PDN Architecture
1.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of 48V Low-voltage Power Distribution Network (PDN) Architecture
Development Necessity of 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture
What Are the Advantages of 48V System for Electric Vehicles over Conventional 12V System? (1)
What Are the Advantages of 48V System for Electric Vehicles over Conventional 12V System? (2)
What Are the Advantages of 48V System for Electric Vehicles over Conventional 12V System? (3)
Advantages of 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture (1)
Advantages of 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture (2)
Advantages of 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture (3)
Significance of 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture for xEV (1)
Significance of 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture for xEV (2)
Significance of 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture for xEV (3)
Difficulties and Obstacles in Popularizing 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture (1)
Difficulties and Obstacles in Popularizing 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture (2)
1.3 Standard System of 48V Low-voltage Power Distribution Network (PDN)
48V System Design Challenges (1)
48V System Design Challenges (2)
48V System Design Challenges (3)
48V System Design Challenges (4)
Summary of 48V Low-voltage PDN Standard System
International Standards (1)
International Standards (2)
International Standards (3)
International Standards (4)
International Standards (5)
European Standards (1)
European Standards (2)
European Standards (3)
Chinese Standards (1)
Chinese Standards (2)
Chinese Standards (3)
1.4 Market Status and Trends of Global and China Passenger Car Market
Global Passenger Vehicle Sales (by production origin), 2024-2030E
Changes in Market Share by Country in China's Passenger Vehicle Market, 2024-2030E
Sales of Passenger Car in China (by NEV, ICE, and Voltage Platform), 2024-2030E (data table)
Sales of Passenger Car in China (by NEV, ICE, and Voltage Platform), 2024-2030E
Global Light/Mild Hybrid Market (48V+BSG/ISG systems) Vehicle Sales, 2023-2024
48V Mild Hybrid-equipped Models on Sale in China (including imports), 2024
Models (including Imports) Equipped with 48V Mild Hybrid Systems, 2023
1.5 Market Outlook of 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture
Mass Production Potential Assessment of 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture
48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture Passenger Car Sales, 2024-2030E (1)
48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture Passenger Car Sales, 2024-2030E (2)
1.6 Impacts of 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture for Components
Transition from 12V to 48V in Vehicles Requires A Lengthy Evolution Process
48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture Brings New Component Opportunities
Phase-wise Transformation of 48V Low-voltage System Components
Summary of Component Upgrades for 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture
Efficiency of 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture Components
High-power Load Capability of 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture Components
Development Progress and Trends of 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture Components
Priority Assessment for 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture Component Development (1)
Priority Assessment for 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture Component Development (2)
Priority Assessment for 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture Component Development (3)
Priority Assessment for 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture Component Development (4)
2 48V Vehicle Body/Powertrain Component Innovations
2.1 48V Low-voltage Components - 48V Micro Motors
48V Low-voltage Components - Automotive Micro Motors (1)
48V Low-voltage Components - Automotive Micro Motors (2)
..............................
48V Low-voltage Components - 48V Micro Motors (8)
48V Low-voltage Components - 48V Micro Motors (9)
2.2 48V Powertrain System - 48V Starter-Generator
48V Powertrain System - 48V Starter-Generator (1)
48V Powertrain System - 48V Starter-Generator (2)
..............................
48V Powertrain System - 48V Starter-Generator (7)
48V Powertrain System - 48V Starter-Generator (8)
48V Powertrain System - 48V Starter-Generator: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications (1)
48V Powertrain System - 48V Starter-Generator: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications (2)
2.3 48V Powertrain System - 48V Motor Control System
48V Powertrain System - 48V Motor Control System (1)
48V Powertrain System - 48V Motor Control System (2)
48V Powertrain System - 48V Motor Control System (3)
48V Powertrain System - 48V Motor Control System (4)
48V Powertrain System - 48V Motor Control System: Development Progress
48V Powertrain System - 48V Motor Control System: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications (1)
48V Powertrain System - 48V Motor Control System: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications (2)
2.4 48V Cockpit System - 48V Seat Motors
48V Cockpit System - 48V Seat Motors (1)
48V Cockpit System - 48V Seat Motors (2)
48V Cockpit System - 48V Seat Motors (3)
48V Cockpit System - 48V Seat Motors (4)
48V Cockpit System - 48V Seat Motors: Typical Smart Seat Cases
3 48V Zonal /Power Supply Component Innovations
3.1 48V Zonal Control System - 48V Power Supply System
48V Zonal Control System - Power Supply System (1)
..............................
48V Zonal Control System - Power Supply System (5)
48V Zonal Control System - Power Supply System (6)
48V Zonal Control System - 48V Power Supply System (1)
48V Zonal Control System - 48V Power Supply System (2)
..............................
48V Zonal Control System - 48V Power Supply System (6)
48V Zonal Control System - 48V Power Supply System: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications
3.2 48V Zonal Control System - 48V Zonal Controller
48V Zonal Control System - 48V Zonal Controller (1)
48V Zonal Control System - 48V Zonal Controller (2)
..............................
48V Zonal Control System - 48V Zonal Controller (8)
48V Zonal Control System - 48V Zonal Controller (9)
48V Zonal Control System - 48V Zonal Controller: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications
3.3 48V Zonal Control System - 48V High-power Audio System
48V Zonal Control System - 48V High-power Audio System (1)
48V Zonal Control System - 48V High-power Audio System (2)
48V Zonal Control System - 48V High-power Audio System: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications
3.4 48V Power Supply System - 48V PDN and DC/DC
48V Power Supply System - 48V PDN and DC/DC (1)
48V Power Supply System - 48V PDN and DC/DC (2)
..............................
48V Power Supply System - 48V PDN and DC/DC (10)
48V Power Supply System - 48V PDN and DC/DC (11)
48V Power Supply System - 48V PDN and DC/DC: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications (1)
48V Power Supply System - 48V PDN and DC/DC: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications (2)
48V Power Supply System - 48V PDN and DC/DC: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications (3)
48V Power Supply System - 48V PDN and DC/DC: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications (4)
48V Power Supply System - 48V PDN and DC/DC: Use Case (1)
48V Power Supply System - 48V PDN and DC/DC: Use Case (2)
..............................
48V Power Supply System - 48V PDN and DC/DC: Use Case (8)
48V Power Supply System - 48V PDN and DC/DC: Use Case (9)
3.5 48V Power Supply System - 48V/12V Lithium Battery
48V Power Supply System - 48V/12V Lithium Battery (1)
48V Power Supply System - 48V/12V Lithium Battery (2)
..............................
48V Power Supply System - 48V/12V Lithium Battery (5)
48V Power Supply System - 48V/12V Lithium Battery (6)
48V Power Supply System - 48V/12V Lithium Battery: Key Suppliers and Product Applications
48V Power Supply System - 48V/12V Lithium Battery: Use Case (1)
48V Power Supply System - 48V/12V Lithium Battery: Use Case (2)
48V Power Supply System - 48V/12V Lithium Battery: Virtual Battery (1)
48V Power Supply System - 48V/12V Lithium Battery: Virtual Battery (2)
48V Power Supply System - 48V/12V Lithium Battery: Virtual Battery (3)
3.6 48V Power Supply System - Lithium Battery BMS
48V Power Supply System - Lithium Battery BMS (1)
48V Power Supply System - Lithium Battery BMS (2)
48V Power Supply System - Lithium Battery BMS (3)
48V Power Supply System - Lithium Battery BMS: Key Suppliers and Product Applications
48V Power Supply System - Lithium Battery BMS: Use Case (1)
48V Power Supply System - Lithium Battery BMS: Use Case (2)
48V Power Supply System - Lithium Battery BMS: Use Case (3)
3.7 48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V eFuse
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V eFuse (1)
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V eFuse (2)
..............................
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V eFuse (10)
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V eFuse (11)
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V eFuse: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications (1)
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V eFuse: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications (2)
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V eFuse: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications (3)
3.8 48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V Interface and Wiring Harness
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V Interface and Wiring Harness (1)
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V Interface and Wiring Harness (2)
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V Interface and Wiring Harness (3)
..............................
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V Interface and Wiring Harness (15)
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V Interface and Wiring Harness (16)
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V Interface and Wiring Harness (17)
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V Interface and Wiring Harness: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V Interface and Wiring Harness: Use Case
3.9 48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V Active/Passive Electronic Components
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System - 48V Active/Passive Electronic Components
4 48V Chassis System Component Innovations
4.1 48V Chassis System
48V Chassis System - Development Advantages
4.2 48V Chassis System - 48V Electric Power Steering System (EPS)
48V Chassis System - 48V EPS (1)
48V Chassis System - 48V EPS (2)
..............................
48V Chassis System - 48V EPS (6)
48V Chassis System - 48V EPS (7)
48V Chassis System - 48V EPS: Main Models and Product Applications
48V Chassis System - 48V EPS: Use Case
4.3 48V Chassis System - 48V Steer-by-wire System (EMB)
48V Chassis System - 48V Steer-by-wire System (EMB) (1)
48V Chassis System - 48V Steer-by-wire System (EMB) (2)
..............................
48V Chassis System - 48V Steer-by-wire System (EMB) (6)
48V Chassis System - 48V Steer-by-wire System (EMB) (7)
48V Chassis System - 48V Steer-by-wire System (EMB): Main Models and Product Applications (1)
48V Chassis System - 48V Steer-by-wire System (EMB): Main Models and Product Applications (2)
4.4 48V Chassis System - 48V Fully Active Suspension
48V Chassis System - 48V Fully Active Suspension (1)
48V Chassis System - 48V Fully Active Suspension (2)
48V Chassis System - 48V Fully Active Suspension: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications
48V Chassis System - 48V Fully Active Suspension: Use Case (1)
48V Chassis System - 48V Fully Active Suspension: Use Case (2)
48V Chassis System - 48V Fully Active Suspension: Use Case (3)
48V Chassis System - 48V Fully Active Suspension: Use Case (4)
48V Chassis System - 48V Fully Active Suspension: Use Case (5)
5 48V Thermal Management System Component Innovations
5.1 48V Vehicle Thermal Management System
48V Vehicle Thermal Management System (1)
48V Vehicle Thermal Management System (2)
48V Vehicle Thermal Management System (3)
48V Vehicle Thermal Management System (4)
5.2 48V Thermal Management System - 48V Cooling Fan
48V Thermal Management System - 48V Cooling Fan
48V Thermal Management System - 48V Cooling Fan: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications (1)
48V Thermal Management System - 48V Cooling Fan: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications (2)
48V Thermal Management System - 48V Cooling Fan: Use Case
5.3 48V Thermal Management System - 48V Electronic Pump
48V Thermal Management System - 48V Electronic Pump (1)
48V Thermal Management System - 48V Electronic Pump (2)
48V Thermal Management System - 48V Electronic Pump (3)
48V Thermal Management System - 48V Electronic Pump (4)
48V Thermal Management System - 48V Electronic Pump: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications (1)
48V Thermal Management System - 48V Electronic Pump: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications (2)
5.4 48V Thermal Management System - 48V PTC Heater
48V Thermal Management System - 48V PTC Heater (1)
48V Thermal Management System - 48V PTC Heater (2)
48V Thermal Management System - 48V PTC Heater: Key Suppliers and Technical Applications
6 48V PDN Deployment of OEMs
6.1 Tesla
Comprehensive Shift to 48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture
48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture (1)
48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture (2)
48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture (3)
48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture Design Idea (1)
48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture Design Idea (2)
..............................
48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture Design Idea (10)
48V Low-voltage PDN Architecture Design Idea (11)
6.2 Xiaomi Auto
48V Design Idea and Application
Range-extended Vehicle Model Planning
E/E Architecture
Zonal controller
48V Chassis System
6.3 NIO
Evolution of EEA
NT3.0 Platform 48V Architecture (1)
NT3.0 Platform 48V Architecture (2)
NT3.0 Platform 48V Architecture (3)
NT3.0 Platform 48V Architecture (4)
6.4 XPeng Motors
Zonal Controller 12V Architecture (1)
Zonal Controller 12V Architecture (2)
Zonal Controller 12V Architecture (3)
Zonal PDN 12V Architecture
Zonal PDN: Development Planning
6.5 Changan Auto
48V Power Supply Architecture
6.6 BYD
12V Lithium Battery (1)
12V Lithium Battery (2)
48V “Green Hybrid Technology” (1)
48V “Green Hybrid Technology” (2)
e3.0 Evo BEV Platform (Sea Lion) (1)
e3.0 Evo BEV Platform (Sea Lion) (2)
e3.0 Evo BEV Platform (Sea Lion) (3)
e3.0 Evo BEV Model (Seal) (1)
e3.0 Evo BEV Model (Seal) (2)
e3.0 Evo BEV Model (Seal) (3)
6.7 Geely
Mild Hybrid Power System
48V Mild Hybrid System
ZEEKR - ZEEA 3.0 Zonal Intelligent Power Distribution Design
6.8 Chery
Hybrid Technology Palnning
Kunpeng ICE & Hybrid Development Strategy
Hybrid Powertrain Pathway Planning
48V Mild Hybrid System (1)
48V Mild Hybrid System (2)
48V Mild Hybrid System (3)
6.9 FAW Hongqi
48V EPS Product Portfolio and Design Idea
48V R-EPS
6.10 Mercedes-Benz
EEA of STAR 3
Dual Power Supply System Design of STAR 3
48V Mild Hybrid System (1)
48V Mild Hybrid System (2)
6.11 BMW
Hybrid Route Planning
48V Mild Hybrid System (1)
48V Mild Hybrid System (2)
48V Mild Hybrid System (3)
6.12 Audi
48V Mild Hybrid System
6.13 Volvo
Hybrid Route Planning
48V Mild Hybrid System (1)
48V Mild Hybrid System (2)
6.14 Lamborghini
48V Product Line and Design Idea
48V EPS
48V Mild Hybrid System
6.15 GM
48V Mild Hybrid System
7 48V PDN Deployment of Parts Suppliers
7.1 Bosch
48V Product Portfolio and Design Idea (1)
48V Product Portfolio and Design Idea (2)
48V Power Supply System
Bosch Huayu - 48V Steering System
48V Hybrid Braking System (1)
48V Hybrid Braking System (2)
..............................
48V Hybrid Braking System (8)
48V Hybrid Braking System (9)
7.2 TDK
48V Product Portfolio and Design Idea (1)
48V Product Portfolio and Design Idea (2)
48V In-Vehicle Network
48V DC-DC Converter (1)
48V DC-DC Converter (2)
48V Thermal Management System
48V Automotive Inverter
48V Power Supply System (1)
48V Power Supply System (2)
48V Power Supply System (3)
48V Power Supply System (4)
7.3 Valeo
48V Product Portfolio and Design Idea (1)
48V Product Portfolio and Design Idea (2)
48V Product Portfolio and Design Idea (3)
48V Powertrain System (1)
..............................
48V Powertrain System (5)
48V Powertrain System (6)
48V Power Supply System
48V Thermal Management System
7.4 ST
48V Product Portfolio and Design Idea (1)
48V Product Portfolio and Design Idea (2)
48V Product Portfolio and Design Idea (3)
48V Chassis System
48V Power Supply System (1)
48V Power Supply System (2)
48V Power Assist System (1)
..............................
48V Power Assist System (4)
48V Power Assist System (5)
48V Thermal Management System (1)
48V Thermal Management System (2)
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System
48V High-power Audio-Visual System
7.5 Vicor
48V Product Portfolio and Design Idea
48V Zonal Architecture
48V Power Supply System (1)
48V Power Supply System (2)
48V Power Supply System (3)
48V Power Supply System (4)
48V Active Suspension System
48V Thermal Management System
7.6 onsemi
48V Product Portfolio and Design Idea (1)
48V Product Portfolio and Design Idea (2)
48V Powertrain System (1)
48V Powertrain System (2)
48V Power Supply System (1)
48V Power Supply System (2)
48V Power Supply System (3)
Medium-voltage MOSFET (1)
Medium-voltage MOSFET (2)
Medium-voltage MOSFET (3)
MOSFET Module (1)
MOSFET Module (2)
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System (1)
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System (2)
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System (3)
7.7 Vishay
48V Product Portfolio and Design Idea
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System
48V Power Supply System (1)
48V Power Supply System (2)
7.8 3PEAK
48V Product Portfolio and Design Idea
48V Powertrain System
48V Power Supply System
7.9 NXP
48V Automotive Electrification Products
48V Product Portfolio and Design Idea
48V Power Supply System (1)
48V Power Supply System (2)
48V Power Supply System (3)
48V Power Supply System (4)
48V Powertrain System (1)
48V Powertrain System (2)
7.10 Innoscience
48V Power Supply System (1)
7.11 Infineon
48V Product Portfolio and Design Idea (1)
48V Product Portfolio and Design Idea (2)
48V Product Portfolio and Design Idea (3)
48V Low-voltage Electrical Architecture Products
48V Powertrain System (1)
48V Powertrain System (2)
48V Power Supply System (1)
48V Power Supply System (2)
48V Power Supply System (3)
48V Thermal Management System
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System
7.12 Silicon Application Corporation Group
48V EEA Solution (1)
48V EEA Solution (2)
48V EEA Solution (3)
7.13 G-eDrive Tech
48V Product Portfolio and Design Idea
48V Thermal Management System
7.14 Gentherm
48V Product Portfolio and Design Idea
48V Power Supply System
48V Thermal Management System
7.15 UAES
48V Product Portfolio and Design Idea (1)
48V Product Portfolio and Design Idea (2)
48V Zonal Controller and Chip Technology Architecture
48V Zonal Controller
7.16 Nexperia
48V Product Portfolio and Design Idea (1)
48V Product Portfolio and Design Idea (2)
Automotive Power MOSFET (1)
Automotive Power MOSFET (2)
Automotive Power MOSFET (3)
Medium-voltage Automotive MOSFET (1)
Medium-voltage Automotive MOSFET (2)
Medium-voltage Automotive MOSFET (3)
Medium-voltage Automotive MOSFET (4)
48V Power Supply System Component Classification
48V Power Supply System (1)
48V Power Supply System (2)
48V Power Supply System (3)
48V Power Supply System (4)
48V Powertrain System (1)
48V Powertrain System (2)
7.17 Higasket Plastics
48V Product Portfolio and Design Idea
48V Chassis System
7.18 Elmos
48V Product Portfolio and Design Idea
48V Powertrain System
7.19 ZLG
48V Product Portfolio and Design Idea
48V Powertrain System
7.20 Aptiv
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System
7.21 EATON (Bussmann)
48V Commercial Vehicle Mild Hybrid
48V Power Supply System (1)
48V Power Supply System (2)
48V Thermal Management System
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System
7.22 Littelfuse
48V Low-voltage Intelligent Power Distribution Architecture
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System (1)
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System (2)
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System (3)
7.23 Sinofuse Electric
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System (1)
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System (2)
7.24 TE
Low-voltage Aluminum-core Current-carrying Wire Technology
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System (1)
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System (2)
7.25 MPS
48V Product Portfolio and Design Idea (1)
48V Product Portfolio and Design Idea (2)
48V Power Architecture Products
48V Power Supply System (1)
..............................
48V Power Supply System (5)
48V Intelligent Power Distribution System
48V Zonal Controller
48V Lighting System
48V Low-voltage Power Distribution Network (PDN) Architecture and Supply Chain Panorama Research Report, 2025
For a long time, the 48V low-voltage PDN architecture has been dominated by 48V mild hybrids. The electrical topology of 48V mild hybrids is relatively outdated, and Chinese OEMs have not given it suf...
Research Report on Overseas Cockpit Configuration and Supply Chain of Key Models, 2025
Overseas Cockpit Research: Tariffs stir up the global automotive market, and intelligent cockpits promote automobile exports
ResearchInChina has released the Research Report on Overseas Cockpit Co...
Automotive Display, Center Console and Cluster Industry Report, 2025
In addition to cockpit interaction, automotive display is another important carrier of the intelligent cockpit. In recent years, the intelligence level of cockpits has continued to improve, and automo...
Vehicle Functional Safety and Safety Of The Intended Functionality (SOTIF) Research Report, 2025
Functional safety research: under the "equal rights for intelligent driving", safety of the intended functionality (SOTIF) design is crucial
As Chinese new energy vehicle manufacturers propose "Equal...
Chinese OEMs’ AI-Defined Vehicle Strategy Research Report, 2025
AI-Defined Vehicle Report: How AI Reshapes Vehicle Intelligence?
Chinese OEMs’ AI-Defined Vehicle Strategy Research Report, 2025, released by ResearchInChina, studies, analyzes, and summarizes the c...
Automotive Digital Key (UWB, NearLink, and BLE 6.0) Industry Trend Report, 2025
Digital key research: which will dominate digital keys, growing UWB, emerging NearLink or promising Bluetooth 6.0?ResearchInChina has analyzed and predicted the digital key market, communication techn...
Integrated Battery (CTP, CTB, CTC, and CTV) and Battery Innovation Technology Report, 2025
Power battery research: 17 vehicle models use integrated batteries, and 34 battery innovation technologies are released
ResearchInChina released Integrated Battery (CTP, CTB, CTC, and CTV)and Battery...
AI/AR Glasses Industry Research Report, 2025
ResearchInChina released the " AI/AR Glasses Industry Research Report, 2025", which deeply explores the field of AI smart glasses, sorts out product R&D and ecological layout of leading domestic a...
Global and China Passenger Car T-Box Market Report 2025
T-Box Research: T-Box will achieve functional upgrades given the demand from CVIS and end-to-end autonomous driving
ResearchInChina released the "Global and China Passenger Car T-Box Market Report 20...
Automotive Microcontroller Unit (MCU) Industry Report, 2025
Research on automotive MCUs: the independent, controllable supply chain for automotive MCUs is rapidly maturing
Mid-to-high-end MCUs for intelligent vehicle control are a key focus of domestic produc...
Automotive LiDAR Industry Report, 2024-2025
In early 2025, BYD's "Eye of God" Intelligent Driving and Changan Automobile's Tianshu Intelligent Driving sparked a wave of mass intelligent driving, making the democratization of intelligent driving...
Software-Defined Vehicles in 2025: SOA and Middleware Industry Research Report
Research on automotive SOA and middleware: Development towards global SOA, cross-domain communication middleware, AI middleware, etc.
With the implementation of centrally integrated EEAs, OEM softwar...
Global and Chinese OEMs’ Modular and Common Technology Platform Research Report, 2025
Modular platforms and common technology platforms of OEMs are at the core of current technological innovation in automotive industry, aiming to enhance R&D efficiency, reduce costs, and accelerate...
Research Report on the Application of AI in Automotive Cockpits, 2025
Cockpit AI Application Research: From "Usable" to "User-Friendly," from "Deep Interaction" to "Self-Evolution"
From the early 2000s, when voice recognition and facial monitoring functions were first ...
Analysis on Li Auto’s Layout in Electrification, Connectivity, Intelligence and Sharing, 2024-2025
Mind GPT: The "super brain" of automotive AI Li Xiang regards Mind GPT as the core of Li Auto’s AI strategy. As of January 2025, Mind GPT had undergone multip...
Automotive High-precision Positioning Research Report, 2025
High-precision positioning research: IMU develops towards "domain controller integration" and "software/hardware integrated service integration"
According to ResearchInChina, in 2024, the penetration...
China Passenger Car Digital Chassis Research Report, 2025
Digital chassis research: Local OEMs accelerate chassis digitization and AI
1. What is the “digital chassis”?
Previously, we mostly talked about concepts such as traditional chassis, ch...
Automotive Micromotor and Motion Mechanism Industry Report, 2025
Automotive Micromotor and Motion Mechanism Research: More automotive micromotors and motion mechanisms are used in a single vehicle, especially in cockpits, autonomous driving and other scenarios.
Au...