General Motors Co. (GM) is sacrificing profit margins to maintain market share in China, cutting prices of low-cost minivans by as much as 15 percent to offset slowing sales in the world’s largest vehicle market.
Propping up minivan sales through sticker-price reductions is crucial for helping Detroit-based GM remain the top overseas automaker in China, ahead of Volkswagen AG, after the government ended stimulus programs and local authorities restricted purchases to curb highway congestion.
“GM does not rely on the minibus for profit,” said Jenny Gu, a Shanghai-based analyst with industry researcher J.D. Power & Associates. “They only contribute volume.”
Industry sales of the vehicles -- nicknamed “bread trucks” for their boxy shape -- fell more than 10 percent in the first seven months of this year, according to the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers. Sales at GM minivan venture SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile Co. declined 3 percent in the same period, according to the company.
The venture dropped the price of its Wuling Sunshine minivan, China’s most-popular vehicle last year, to 28,000 yuan ($4,384) from 33,000 yuan earlier this year, according to GM.
Slowing China Sales
“We made some short-term focused promotions to help the overall market situation,” Matthew Tsien, the Liuzhou-based vice president at SAIC-GM-Wuling, said in an interview. “We don’t expect it to be a long-term issue. China is looking at very robust growth in the auto industry.”
SAIC-GM-Wuling makes about 2,000 yuan ($313) in profit on average for every minivan, according to J.D. Power. Based on GM’s 44 percent stake in the venture, its share would be $138.
“The margin is quite low,” Gu said. “It’s not like the middle segment or luxury cars, where margins are very high.”
Vehicle sales in China may rise about 5 percent this year, the manufacturers association said July 8, slashing its previous estimate of 10 percent to 15 percent growth. Last year, sales gained 32 percent as the government offered sales-tax breaks and rebates for buyers in rural areas.
China is GM’s largest market, and SAIC-GM-Wuling accounted for about half of the 2.35 million vehicles the automaker sold there last year.
“The next 12 months look tough,” Ashvin Chotai, London- based managing director for Intelligence Automotive Asia, said of minivan sales.
“Incentives brought forward buying in a very dramatic fashion in 2009, 2010, and now we are seeing a lack of pent-up demand.”
Volkswagen, SAIC Motor
The drop in minivan sales may help Volkswagen narrow its gap behind GM, Gu said. GM sold 1.27 million vehicles in the country in the first six months, compared with Wolfsburg, Germany-based Volkswagen’s 1.1 million, according to figures from the companies.
About one in eight vehicles sold last year in China were minivans. They are popular with small-business owners, especially in rural areas, because of their versatility in transporting goods and people.
GM has a 49 percent share of the minivan market, according to Westlake Village, California-based J.D. Power. Changan Automobile Group Co.’s Chana Minibus is No. 2 in sales with about half the total of Wuling Sunshine in the first seven months. Volkswagen does not sell a minivan in China.
GM’s New York-listed shares have plunged 38 percent this year. Partner SAIC Motor Corp., China’s biggest domestic automaker, has risen 8.8 percent in Shanghai.
China Specifications
GM started producing minivans in China in 2003 with Shanghai-based SAIC Motor and the government of Liuzhou city in the southern Guangxi region. Overseas carmakers can operate plants in the country only through ventures with local companies.
Chinese minivans are typically smaller and cheaper than those in the U.S., where they are used predominantly as passenger vehicles. The Sunshine has a 2.5-meter (98-inch) wheelbase compared with the 3-meter Toyota Motor Corp. Sienna, the top-selling minivan in the U.S.
The Sienna costs almost six times more than the Sunshine, according to Kelley Blue Book, a vehicle-pricing guide.
Deliveries of the Sunshine dropped 17 percent to 415,046 in the first seven months after rising 9 percent last year and more than 60 percent in 2009. GM has been the largest overseas automaker in China since 2006.
50 Percent Increase
GM said it first offered rebates on minivans at the end of May and introduced further price cuts in July. Buyers get discounts of up to 5,000 yuan on all Wuling minivans, on top of dealership promotions such as free auto insurance and fuel.
Minivan sales at Zhu Yi’s GM dealerships in southwest China increased 50 percent after the July price cuts, he said. Many of his customers run small businesses or work in construction.
“The promotions GM put in place really helped us out,” Zhu, 34, said. “It helped to improve the price competitiveness of our product, and our competition has no answer to this.”
Zhu runs 76 dealerships in Sichuan province, one of the top 10 markets for Wuling in China. He sold about 2,000 cars a month before GM cut prices, and about 3,000 after.
“In my seven years as a Wuling dealer, this is the first time Wuling has put in place a promotion of this magnitude,” he said.
The promotions attracted buyers like Zhang Chunyu, 28, who helps run a renovation business in Shanghai.
“Its cheap, functional, and efficient,” Zhang said of the champagne-colored Wuling Rongguang minivan he bought this month. “Before this, I had to lug my work tools around with me on a motorcycle. The van has made it so much more convenient.”
GM Chief Executive Officer Dan Akerson said during an Aug. 4 conference call that the company is “well-positioned” to increase its market share in China. The automaker will introduce 60 new and upgraded models in the country during the next five years.
SAIC-GM-Wuling also started building passenger cars under the Baojun brand.
“We believe the minibus will remain as its main business for the long term,” J.D. Power’s Gu said.